The diabetes is a chronic disease that, to day of today, lacks cures. The affected organ is the páncreas, that the insulin does not produce or uses incorrectly, hormone that allows the conversion of foods in energy. Two types of diabetes exist: 1 and 2. First usually she appears in young children and people. In this case, the body does not produce insulin, reason why it must be injected. Different it is the diabetes type 2, that mainly arises in adults with a sedentary style of life and problems from obesity. These factors cause that the páncreas do not produce the sufficient insulin for an suitable operation of the organism, which leads among others to a glucose accumulation in blood that generates, renal problems, nervous blindness and injuries cardiovascular.

The diabetes type 2 is most frequent of the two, represented a 90 percent of the total of the cases. This number of affected continues growing gradually, as a result of the healthful habits little associated to our form of life. But it has the advantage of which it can be avoided, unlike which happens when diabetes is suffered type 1. It is for that reason, that the medical societies and the sanitary professionals strive in bringing back to consciousness to the society of the importance of preventing this disease so that the people with a certain age can live with better quality.

According to the preliminary results of Di@bet.es, first study of national scope to near the prevalence of the diabetes, metabolic obesity and other problems and associated factors of risk, the 12 percent of the Spaniards undergoes diabetes type 2, and to follow thus, as the World-wide Organization of the Health announces (the WHO), it is possible to be turned into one serious epidemic. In fact, esteem that of not having a change in the habits and the attitude of the people to take care of its health, in 2025 could anywhere in the world be entered the double of people with diabetes.


Difficulty to detect it
One of the main disadvantages of this pathology is that showy symptoms are not appraised that put on the alert the people suffer who it. Some observations like greater thirst are only described, increase of the amount of urine, increase of the appetite, picores or infections. Consequently, near three million Spaniards they have diabetes type 2 and half does not know it. This fact has dangerous contraindications, because to have diabetes it demands a suitable pharmacological control and the modification of some routines of feeding and exercise.

The experts agree in which its precocious detection is very important to prescribe the suitable treatment the sooner and to avoid complications majors. For that reason, they insist on which there are people who must be more careful because they have major risk of undergoing it. This it is the case of the majors of 45 years, since from that age he increases the incidence; the individuals with familiar antecedents of first degree (parents or brothers); and all that undergo overweight or obesity, arterial hypertension or high cholesterol. To all of them it is recommended to them to become controls of way to regulate to determine his glucose.

The facultative ones count on a medical test, denominated Test FINDRISC, by means of which they can verify if a person has risk or not to present/display diabetes type 2 in next the 10 years. This project has been validated and has demonstrated its effectiveness in different European countries for the noninvasive sifting from the population at the risk of diabetes. One is based on the study of eight variables: age; index of corporal mass (IMC); perimeter of the waist; number of hours of moderate physical activity per week; daily consumption of fruits, vegetables and vegetables; familiar antecedents of diabetes; treatment of the hypertension and the antecedent of a glucose in high blood, some previous analysis. With all this information, a customized closing report is emitted that contains the main measures of life style which they help to prevent or to delay the appearance of the disease.

Prevention in three steps
To protect against the diabetes type 2 is possible, but it requires the adoption of certain habits related to the feeding and the physical activity, and the elimination of certain vices, like tobacco addiction, considered injurious.

In this line, the Foundation for the Diabetes has shown that a consumption of fat inferior to the 30 percent of the total of daily calories, to include more than 15 grams of natural fiber by each thousand calories ingested to the day and to practice regular physical activity for more than 30 minutes all or almost every day can prevent the diabetes type 2.

On the other hand, in Spain, more of the 15 percent of the population it has overweight, situation that directly repels in the appearance of the diabetes type 2, reason why to reduce the index of corporal mass (IMC) is an advisable alternative. In order to obtain it, the best allies are to eat healthy and to realize any physical activity: to walk, to cycle, to swim…


To consultation to stop smoking
Given the risks that the tobacco consumption has for the people with diabetes, the Murcian Association for the Care of the Diabetes (Adirmu) starts up a consultation of tobacco addiction directed to the interested associates, relatives and, in which offers medical advice to stop smoking successfully. This project will extend until the month of December, with the possibility of proroguing itself in 2011 according to the welcome that it has. To the front of her he is doctor Rafael González Oñate, who explains: “To smoke he is pernicious for the health of any person, but in the case of a diabetic the damages multiply. Tobacco addiction is an addiction and to surpass it requires it support and medical advising�.


The surgery fights the diabetes type 2
According to the president of the Spanish Society of the Surgery of the Obesity (DRY), Antonio Towers, the metabolic surgery is an effective therapeutic option in diabetic patients with slight or moderate obesity. This surgical treatment derived from the bariátrica surgery has the objective to send or to improve the diabetes type 2, very related to the style of life and associated with other alterations like the obesity and the hypertension. This specialist assures that “until the 90 percent of the obese people with a diabetes of difficult control and forced to become congested insulin on a daily basis they could obtain his treatment after being put under the metabolic surgery and before arriving at the end to suffer severe obesity�.